Younger patients require a kind, gentle, and knowledgeable approach. They must be assured of a confidential doctor–patient relationship without risking alienating their parents. Adolescents experience different gynaecological problems to adults...

Fertility changes as we age. Men and women become fertile in their teenage years following puberty. The beginning of the reproductive years of women is marked by the onset of menstruation and ovulation. Typically, reproductive potential decreases as women get older, and fertility can be expected to end 5 to 10 years before menopause.

Perimenopause refers to the time around menopause, during which a woman’s body makes its natural transition towards permanent infertility. Women start perimenopause at different ages, and may notice signs of progression toward menopause, such as menstrual irregularity, sometime in their 40s. But some women notice changes as early as their mid-30s.

Post-menopause is the time in a woman’s life after reaching menopause. During this time, all the symptoms of experience before menopause gradually decreases. However, because of the lower level of oestrogen, post-menopausal women have an increased risk of developing other health conditions such as osteoporosis and heart disease.